patch-2.1.70 linux/Documentation/specialix.txt
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- Lines: 335
- Date:
Tue Dec 2 09:19:03 1997
- Orig file:
v2.1.69/linux/Documentation/specialix.txt
- Orig date:
Wed Dec 31 16:00:00 1969
diff -u --recursive --new-file v2.1.69/linux/Documentation/specialix.txt linux/Documentation/specialix.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,334 @@
+
+ specialix.txt -- specialix IO8+ multiport serial driver readme.
+
+
+
+ Copyright (C) 1997 Roger Wolff (R.E.Wolff@BitWizard.nl)
+
+ Specialix pays for the development and support of this driver.
+ Please DO contact io8-linux@specialix.co.uk if you require
+ support.
+
+ This driver was developed in the BitWizard linux device
+ driver service. If you require a linux device driver for your
+ product, please contact devices@BitWizard.nl for a quote.
+
+ This code is firmly based on the riscom/8 serial driver,
+ written by Dmitry Gorodchanin. The specialix IO8+ card
+ programming information was obtained from the CL-CD1865 Data
+ Book, and Specialix document number 6200059: IO8+ Hardware
+ Functional Specification.
+
+ This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or
+ modify it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as
+ published by the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of
+ the License, or (at your option) any later version.
+
+ This program is distributed in the hope that it will be
+ useful, but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied
+ warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR
+ PURPOSE. See the GNU General Public License for more details.
+
+ You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public
+ License along with this program; if not, write to the Free
+ Software Foundation, Inc., 675 Mass Ave, Cambridge, MA 02139,
+ USA.
+
+
+Intro
+=====
+
+
+This file contains some random information, that I like to have online
+instead of in a manual that can get lost. Ever misplace your Linux
+kernel sources? And the manual of one of the boards in your computer?
+
+
+Adresses and interrupts
+=======================
+
+Addres dip switch settings:
+The dip switch sets bits 2-9 of the IO address.
+
+ 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2
+ +-----------------+
+ 0 | X X X X X X X |
+ | | = IoBase = 0x100
+ 1 | X |
+ +-----------------+ ------ RS232 connectors ---->
+
+ | | |
+ edge connector
+ | | |
+ V V V
+
+Base address 0x100 caused a conflict in one of my computers once. I
+haven't the foggiest why. My Specialix card is now at 0x180. My
+other computer runs just fine with the Specialix card at 0x100....
+The card occupies 4 addresses, but actually only two are really used.
+
+The driver now still autoprobes at 0x100, 0x180, 0x250 and 0x260. If
+that causes trouble for you, please report that. I'll remove
+autoprobing then.
+
+The driver will tell the card what IRQ to use, so you don't have to
+change any jumpers to change the IRQ. Just use a command line
+argument (irq=xx) to the insmod program to set the interrupt.
+
+If your specialix cards are not at the default locations, you can use
+the kernel command line argument "specialix=io0,irq0,io1,irq1...".
+Here "io0" is the io address for the first card, and "irq0" is the
+irq line that the first card should use. And so on.
+
+Examples.
+
+You use the driver as a module and have three cards at 0x100, 0x250
+and 0x180. And some way or another you want them detected in that
+order. Moreover irq 12 is taken (e.g. by your PS/2 mouse).
+
+ insmod specialix.o iobase=0x100,0x250,0x180 irq=9,11,15
+
+The same three cards, but now in the kernel would require you to
+add
+
+ specialix=0x100,9,0x250,11,0x180,15
+
+to the command line. This would become
+
+ append="specialix=0x100,9,0x250,11,0x180,15"
+
+in your /etc/lilo.conf file if you use lilo.
+
+
+Baud rates
+==========
+
+The rev 1.2 and below boards use a CL-CD1864. These chips can only
+do 64kbit. The rev 1.3 and newer boards use a CL-CD1865. These chips
+are officially capable of 115k2.
+
+The Specialix card uses a 25MHz crystal (in times two mode, which in
+fact is a divided by two mode). This is not enough to reach the rated
+115k2 on all ports at the same time. With this clock rate you can only
+do 37% of this rate. This means that at 115k2 on all ports you are
+going to loose characters (The chip cannot handle that many incoming
+bits at this clock rate.) (Yes, you read that correctly: there is a
+limit to the number of -=bits=- per second that the chip can handle.)
+
+If you near the "limit" you will first start to see a graceful
+degradation in that the chip cannot keep the transmitter busy at all
+times. However with a central clock this slow, you can also get it to
+miss incoming characters.
+
+The specialix card cannot reliably do 115k2. If you use it, you have
+to do "extensive testing" (*) to verify if it actually works.
+
+When "mgetty" communicates with my modem at 115k2 it reports:
+got: +++[0d]ATQ0V1H0[0d][0d][8a]O[cb][0d][8a]
+ ^^^^ ^^^^ ^^^^
+
+The three characters that have the "^^^" under them have suffered a
+bit error in the highest bit. In conclusion: I've tested it, and found
+that it simply DOESN"T work for me. I also suspect that this is also
+caused by the baud rate being just a little bit out of tune.
+
+
+(*) Cirrus logic CD1864 databook, page 40.
+
+
+Cables for the Specialix IO8+
+=============================
+
+The pinout of the connectors on the IO8+ is:
+
+ pin short direction long name
+ name
+ Pin 1 DCD input Data Carrier Detect
+ Pin 2 RXD input Receive
+ Pin 3 DTR/RTS output Data Terminal Ready/Ready To Send
+ Pin 4 GND - Ground
+ Pin 5 TXD output Transmit
+ Pin 6 CTS input Clear To Send
+
+
+ -- 6 5 4 3 2 1 --
+ | |
+ | |
+ | |
+ | |
+ +----- -----+
+ |__________|
+ clip
+
+ Front view of an RJ12 connector. Cable moves "into" the paper.
+ (the plug is ready to plug into your mouth this way...)
+
+
+ NULL cable. I don't know who is going to use these except for
+ testing purposes, but I tested the cards with this cable. (It
+ took quite a while to figure out, so I'm not going to delete
+ it. So there! :-)
+
+
+ This end goes This end needs
+ straight into the some twists in
+ RJ12 plug. the wiring.
+ IO8+ RJ12 IO8+ RJ12
+ 1 DCD white -
+ - - 1 DCD
+ 2 RXD black 5 TXD
+ 3 DTR/RTS red 6 CTS
+ 4 GND green 4 GND
+ 5 TXD yellow 2 RXD
+ 6 CTS blue 3 DTR/RTS
+
+
+ Same NULL cable, but now sorted on the second column.
+
+ 1 DCD white -
+ - - 1 DCD
+ 5 TXD yellow 2 RXD
+ 6 CTS blue 3 DTR/RTS
+ 4 GND green 4 GND
+ 2 RXD black 5 TXD
+ 3 DTR/RTS red 6 CTS
+
+
+
+ This is a modem cable usable for hardware handshaking:
+ RJ12 DB25 DB9
+ 1 DCD white 8 DCD 1 DCD
+ 2 RXD black 3 RXD 2 RXD
+ 3 DTR/RTS red 4 RTS 7 RTS
+ 4 GND green 7 GND 5 GND
+ 5 TXD yellow 2 TXD 3 TXD
+ 6 CTS blue 5 CTS 8 CTS
+ +---- 6 DSR 6 DSR
+ +---- 20 DTR 4 DTR
+
+ This is a modem cable usable for software handshaking:
+ It allows you to reset the modem using the DTR ioctls.
+ I (REW) have never tested this, "but xxxxxxxxxxxxx
+ says that it works." If you test this, please
+ tell me and I'll fill in your name on the xxx's.
+
+ RJ12 DB25 DB9
+ 1 DCD white 8 DCD 1 DCD
+ 2 RXD black 3 RXD 2 RXD
+ 3 DTR/RTS red 20 DTR 4 DTR
+ 4 GND green 7 GND 5 GND
+ 5 TXD yellow 2 TXD 3 TXD
+ 6 CTS blue 5 CTS 8 CTS
+ +---- 6 DSR 6 DSR
+ +---- 4 RTS 7 RTS
+
+ I bought a 6 wire flat cable. It was colored as indicated.
+ Check that yours is the same before you trust me on this.
+
+
+Hardware handshaking issues.
+============================
+
+The driver can be compiled in two different ways. The default
+("Specialix DTR/RTS pin is RTS" is off) the pin behaves as DTR when
+hardware handshaking is off. It behaves as the RTS hardware
+handshaking signal when hardware handshaking is selected.
+
+When you use this, you have to use the appropriate cable. The
+cable will either be compatible with hardware handshaking or with
+software handshaking. So switching on the fly is not really an
+option.
+
+I actually prefer to use the "Specialix DTR/RTS pin is RTS" option.
+This makes the DTR/RTS pin always an RTS pin, and ioctls to
+change DTR are always ignored. I have a cable that is configured
+for this.
+
+
+Ports and devices
+=================
+
+Port 0 is the one furthest from the ISA connector.
+
+Devices:
+
+You should make the devices as follows:
+
+bash
+cd /dev
+for i in 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 \
+ 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31
+do
+ echo -n "$i "
+ mknod /dev/ttyW$i c 75 $i
+ mknod /dev/cuw$i c 76 $i
+done
+echo ""
+
+
+You cannot have more than 4 boards in one computer. The card only
+supports 4 different interrupts. If you really want this, contact me
+about this and I'll give you a few tips (requires soldering iron)....
+
+
+------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+
+ Fixed bugs and restrictions:
+ - During intialization, interrupts are blindly turned on.
+ Having a shadow variable would cause an extra memory
+ access on every IO instruction.
+ - The interrupt (on the card) should be disabled when we
+ don't allocate the Linux end of the interrupt. This allows
+ a different driver/card to use it while all ports are not in
+ use..... (a la standard serial port)
+ == An extra _off variant of the sx_in and sx_out macros are
+ now available. They don't set the interrupt enable bit.
+ These are used during initialization. Normal operation uses
+ the old variant which enables the interrupt line.
+ - RTS/DTR issue needs to be implemented according to
+ specialix' spec.
+ I kind of like the "determinism" of the current
+ implementation. Compile time flag?
+ == Ok. Compile time flag! Default is how Specialix likes it.
+ == Now a config time flag! Gets saved in your config file. Neat!
+ - Can you set the IO address from the lilo command line?
+ If you need this, bug me about it, I'll make it.
+ == Hah! No bugging needed. Fixed! :-)
+ - Cirrus logic hasn't gotten back to me yet why the CD1865 can
+ and the CD1864 can't do 115k2. I suspect that this is
+ because the CD1864 is not rated for 33MHz operation.
+ Therefore the CD1864 versions of the card can't do 115k2 on
+ all ports just like the CD1865 versions. The driver does
+ not block 115k2 on CD1864 cards.
+ == I called the Cirrus Logic representative here in Holland.
+ The CD1864 databook is identical to the CD1865 databook,
+ except for an extra warning at the end. Similar Bit errors
+ have been observed in testing at 115k2 on both an 1865 and
+ a 1864 chip. I see no reason why I would prohibit 115k2 on
+ 1864 chips and not do it on 1865 chips. Actually there is
+ reason to prohibit it on BOTH chips. I print a warning.
+ If you use 115k2, you're on your own.
+ - A spiky CD may send spurious HUPs. Also in CLOCAL???
+ -- A fix for this turned out to be counter productive.
+ Different fix? Current behaviour is acceptable?
+ -- Maybe the current implementation is correct. If anybody
+ gets bitten by this, please report, and it will get fixed.
+
+ -- Testing revealed that when in CLOCAL, the problem doesn't
+ occur. As warned for in the CD1865 manual, the chip may
+ send modem intr's on a spike. We could filter those out,
+ but that would be a cludge anyway (You'd still risk getting
+ a spurious HUP when two spikes occur.).....
+
+
+
+ Bugs & restrictions:
+ - This is a difficult card to autoprobe.
+ You have to WRITE to the address register to even
+ read-probe a CD186x register. Disable autodetection?
+ -- Specialix: any suggestions?
+ - Arbitrary baud rates are not implemented yet.
+ If you need this, bug me about it.
+
+
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