Danger
This is a “Hazardous Materials” module. You should ONLY use it if you’re 100% absolutely sure that you know what you’re doing because this module is full of land mines, dragons, and dinosaurs with laser guns.
Backend interfaces¶
Backend implementations may provide a number of interfaces to support operations such as Symmetric encryption, Message digests (Hashing), and Hash-based message authentication codes (HMAC).
A specific backend
may provide one or more of these interfaces.
-
class
cryptography.hazmat.backends.interfaces.
CipherBackend
¶ A backend that provides methods for using ciphers for encryption and decryption.
The following backends implement this interface:
-
cipher_supported
(cipher, mode)¶ Check if a
cipher
andmode
combination is supported by this backend.- Parameters
cipher – An instance of
CipherAlgorithm
.mode – An instance of
Mode
.
- Returns
True
if the specifiedcipher
andmode
combination is supported by this backend, otherwiseFalse
-
create_symmetric_encryption_ctx
(cipher, mode)¶ Create a
CipherContext
that can be used for encrypting data with the symmetriccipher
using the givenmode
.- Parameters
cipher – An instance of
CipherAlgorithm
.mode – An instance of
Mode
.
- Returns
- Raises
ValueError – When tag is not None in an AEAD mode
-
create_symmetric_decryption_ctx
(cipher, mode)¶ Create a
CipherContext
that can be used for decrypting data with the symmetriccipher
using the givenmode
.- Parameters
cipher – An instance of
CipherAlgorithm
.mode – An instance of
Mode
.
- Returns
- Raises
ValueError – When tag is None in an AEAD mode
-
-
class
cryptography.hazmat.backends.interfaces.
HashBackend
¶ A backend with methods for using cryptographic hash functions.
The following backends implement this interface:
-
hash_supported
(algorithm)¶ Check if the specified
algorithm
is supported by this backend.- Parameters
algorithm – An instance of
HashAlgorithm
.- Returns
True
if the specifiedalgorithm
is supported by this backend, otherwiseFalse
.
-
create_hash_ctx
(algorithm)¶ Create a
HashContext
that uses the specifiedalgorithm
to calculate a message digest.- Parameters
algorithm – An instance of
HashAlgorithm
.- Returns
-
-
class
cryptography.hazmat.backends.interfaces.
HMACBackend
¶ A backend with methods for using cryptographic hash functions as message authentication codes.
The following backends implement this interface:
-
hmac_supported
(algorithm)¶ Check if the specified
algorithm
is supported by this backend.- Parameters
algorithm – An instance of
HashAlgorithm
.- Returns
True
if the specifiedalgorithm
is supported for HMAC by this backend, otherwiseFalse
.
-
create_hmac_ctx
(key, algorithm)¶ Create a
HashContext
that uses the specifiedalgorithm
to calculate a hash-based message authentication code.- Parameters
key (bytes) – Secret key as
bytes
.algorithm – An instance of
HashAlgorithm
.
- Returns
-
-
class
cryptography.hazmat.backends.interfaces.
CMACBackend
¶ New in version 0.4.
A backend with methods for using CMAC
-
cmac_algorithm_supported
(algorithm)¶ - Parameters
algorithm – An instance of
BlockCipherAlgorithm
.- Returns
Returns True if the block cipher is supported for CMAC by this backend
-
create_cmac_ctx
(algorithm)¶ Create a context that uses the specified
algorithm
to calculate a message authentication code.- Parameters
algorithm – An instance of
BlockCipherAlgorithm
.- Returns
CMAC object.
-
-
class
cryptography.hazmat.backends.interfaces.
PBKDF2HMACBackend
¶ New in version 0.2.
A backend with methods for using PBKDF2 using HMAC as a PRF.
The following backends implement this interface:
-
pbkdf2_hmac_supported
(algorithm)¶ Check if the specified
algorithm
is supported by this backend.- Parameters
algorithm – An instance of
HashAlgorithm
.- Returns
True
if the specifiedalgorithm
is supported for PBKDF2 HMAC by this backend, otherwiseFalse
.
-
derive_pbkdf2_hmac
(self, algorithm, length, salt, iterations, key_material)¶ - Parameters
algorithm – An instance of
HashAlgorithm
.length (int) – The desired length of the derived key. Maximum is (232 - 1) *
algorithm.digest_size
salt (bytes) – A salt.
iterations (int) – The number of iterations to perform of the hash function. This can be used to control the length of time the operation takes. Higher numbers help mitigate brute force attacks against derived keys.
key_material (bytes) – The key material to use as a basis for the derived key. This is typically a password.
- Return bytes
Derived key.
-
-
class
cryptography.hazmat.backends.interfaces.
RSABackend
¶ New in version 0.2.
A backend with methods for using RSA.
-
generate_rsa_private_key
(public_exponent, key_size)¶ - Parameters
- Returns
A new instance of
RSAPrivateKey
.- Raises
ValueError – If the public_exponent is not valid.
-
rsa_padding_supported
(padding)¶ Check if the specified
padding
is supported by the backend.- Parameters
padding – An instance of
AsymmetricPadding
.- Returns
True
if the specifiedpadding
is supported by this backend, otherwiseFalse
.
-
generate_rsa_parameters_supported
(public_exponent, key_size)¶ Check if the specified parameters are supported for key generation by the backend.
-
load_rsa_private_numbers
(numbers)¶ - Parameters
numbers – An instance of
RSAPrivateNumbers
.- Returns
An instance of
RSAPrivateKey
.- Raises
ValueError – This is raised when the values of
p
,q
,private_exponent
,public_exponent
, ormodulus
do not match the bounds specified in RFC 3447.cryptography.exceptions.UnsupportedAlgorithm – This is raised when any backend specific criteria are not met.
-
load_rsa_public_numbers
(numbers)¶ - Parameters
numbers – An instance of
RSAPublicNumbers
.- Returns
An instance of
RSAPublicKey
.- Raises
ValueError – This is raised when the values of
public_exponent
ormodulus
do not match the bounds specified in RFC 3447.cryptography.exceptions.UnsupportedAlgorithm – This is raised when any backend specific criteria are not met.
-
-
class
cryptography.hazmat.backends.interfaces.
DSABackend
¶ New in version 0.4.
A backend with methods for using DSA.
-
generate_dsa_parameters
(key_size)¶ - Parameters
key_size (int) – The length of the modulus in bits. It should be either 1024, 2048 or 3072. For keys generated in 2015 this should be at least 2048. Note that some applications (such as SSH) have not yet gained support for larger key sizes specified in FIPS 186-3 and are still restricted to only the 1024-bit keys specified in FIPS 186-2.
- Returns
A new instance of
DSAParameters
.
-
generate_dsa_private_key
(parameters)¶ - Parameters
parameters – An instance of
DSAParameters
.- Returns
A new instance of
DSAPrivateKey
.- Raises
ValueError – This is raised if the key size is not one of 1024, 2048, or 3072.
-
generate_dsa_private_key_and_parameters
(key_size)¶ - Parameters
key_size (int) – The length of the modulus in bits. It should be either 1024, 2048 or 3072. For keys generated in 2015 this should be at least 2048. Note that some applications (such as SSH) have not yet gained support for larger key sizes specified in FIPS 186-3 and are still restricted to only the 1024-bit keys specified in FIPS 186-2.
- Returns
A new instance of
DSAPrivateKey
.- Raises
ValueError – This is raised if the key size is not supported by the backend.
-
dsa_hash_supported
(algorithm)¶ - Parameters
algorithm – An instance of
HashAlgorithm
.- Returns
True
if the specifiedalgorithm
is supported by this backend, otherwiseFalse
.
-
dsa_parameters_supported
(p, q, g)¶
-
load_dsa_parameter_numbers
(numbers)¶ - Parameters
numbers – An instance of
DSAParameterNumbers
.- Returns
An instance of
DSAParameters
.- Raises
cryptography.exceptions.UnsupportedAlgorithm – This is raised when any backend specific criteria are not met.
-
load_dsa_private_numbers
(numbers)¶ - Parameters
numbers – An instance of
DSAPrivateNumbers
.- Returns
An instance of
DSAPrivateKey
.- Raises
cryptography.exceptions.UnsupportedAlgorithm – This is raised when any backend specific criteria are not met.
-
load_dsa_public_numbers
(numbers)¶ - Parameters
numbers – An instance of
DSAPublicNumbers
.- Returns
An instance of
DSAPublicKey
.- Raises
cryptography.exceptions.UnsupportedAlgorithm – This is raised when any backend specific criteria are not met.
-
-
class
cryptography.hazmat.backends.interfaces.
EllipticCurveBackend
¶ New in version 0.5.
-
elliptic_curve_supported
(curve)¶ - Parameters
curve – An instance of
EllipticCurve
.- Returns
True if the elliptic curve is supported by this backend.
-
elliptic_curve_signature_algorithm_supported
(signature_algorithm, curve)¶ - Parameters
signature_algorithm – An instance of
EllipticCurveSignatureAlgorithm
.curve – An instance of
EllipticCurve
.
- Returns
True if the signature algorithm and curve are supported by this backend.
-
generate_elliptic_curve_private_key
(curve)¶ - Parameters
curve – An instance of
EllipticCurve
.
-
load_elliptic_curve_private_numbers
(numbers)¶ - Parameters
numbers – An instance of
EllipticCurvePrivateNumbers
.- Returns
An instance of
EllipticCurvePrivateKey
.
-
load_elliptic_curve_public_numbers
(numbers)¶ - Parameters
numbers – An instance of
EllipticCurvePublicNumbers
.- Returns
An instance of
EllipticCurvePublicKey
.
-
derive_elliptic_curve_private_key
(private_value, curve)¶ - Parameters
private_value – A secret scalar value.
curve – An instance of
EllipticCurve
.
- Returns
An instance of
EllipticCurvePrivateKey
.
-
-
class
cryptography.hazmat.backends.interfaces.
PEMSerializationBackend
¶ New in version 0.6.
A backend with methods for working with any PEM encoded keys.
-
load_pem_private_key
(data, password)¶ - Parameters
- Returns
A new instance of the appropriate type of private key that the serialized data contains.
- Raises
ValueError – If the data could not be deserialized.
cryptography.exceptions.UnsupportedAlgorithm – If the data is encrypted with an unsupported algorithm.
-
load_pem_public_key
(data)¶ - Parameters
data (bytes) – PEM data to load.
- Returns
A new instance of the appropriate type of public key serialized data contains.
- Raises
ValueError – If the data could not be deserialized.
-
load_pem_parameters
(data)¶ New in version 2.0.
- Parameters
data (bytes) – PEM data to load.
- Returns
A new instance of the appropriate type of asymmetric parameters the serialized data contains.
- Raises
ValueError – If the data could not be deserialized.
-
-
class
cryptography.hazmat.backends.interfaces.
DERSerializationBackend
¶ New in version 0.8.
A backend with methods for working with DER encoded keys.
-
load_der_private_key
(data, password)¶ - Parameters
- Returns
A new instance of the appropriate type of private key that the serialized data contains.
- Raises
ValueError – If the data could not be deserialized.
cryptography.exceptions.UnsupportedAlgorithm – If the data is encrypted with an unsupported algorithm.
-
load_der_public_key
(data)¶ - Parameters
data (bytes) – DER data to load.
- Returns
A new instance of the appropriate type of public key serialized data contains.
- Raises
ValueError – If the data could not be deserialized.
-
load_der_parameters
(data)¶ New in version 2.0.
- Parameters
data (bytes) – DER data to load.
- Returns
A new instance of the appropriate type of asymmetric parameters the serialized data contains.
- Raises
ValueError – If the data could not be deserialized.
-
-
class
cryptography.hazmat.backends.interfaces.
X509Backend
¶ New in version 0.7.
A backend with methods for working with X.509 objects.
-
load_pem_x509_certificate
(data)¶ - Parameters
data (bytes) – PEM formatted certificate data.
- Returns
An instance of
Certificate
.
-
load_der_x509_certificate
(data)¶ - Parameters
data (bytes) – DER formatted certificate data.
- Returns
An instance of
Certificate
.
-
load_pem_x509_csr
(data)¶ New in version 0.9.
- Parameters
data (bytes) – PEM formatted certificate signing request data.
- Returns
An instance of
CertificateSigningRequest
.
-
load_der_x509_csr
(data)¶ New in version 0.9.
- Parameters
data (bytes) – DER formatted certificate signing request data.
- Returns
An instance of
CertificateSigningRequest
.
-
create_x509_csr
(builder, private_key, algorithm)¶ New in version 1.0.
- Parameters
builder – An instance of
CertificateSigningRequestBuilder
.private_key – The
RSAPrivateKey
,DSAPrivateKey
orEllipticCurvePrivateKey
that will be used to sign the request. When the request is signed by a certificate authority, the private key’s associated public key will be stored in the resulting certificate.algorithm – The
HashAlgorithm
that will be used to generate the request signature.
- Returns
A new instance of
CertificateSigningRequest
.
-
create_x509_certificate
(builder, private_key, algorithm)¶ New in version 1.0.
- Parameters
builder – An instance of
CertificateBuilder
.private_key – The
RSAPrivateKey
,DSAPrivateKey
orEllipticCurvePrivateKey
that will be used to sign the certificate.algorithm – The
HashAlgorithm
that will be used to generate the certificate signature.
- Returns
A new instance of
Certificate
.
-
create_x509_crl
(builder, private_key, algorithm)¶ New in version 1.2.
- Parameters
builder – An instance of
CertificateRevocationListBuilder
.private_key – The
RSAPrivateKey
,DSAPrivateKey
orEllipticCurvePrivateKey
that will be used to sign the CRL.algorithm – The
HashAlgorithm
that will be used to generate the CRL signature.
- Returns
A new instance of
CertificateRevocationList
.
-
create_x509_revoked_certificate
(builder)¶ New in version 1.2.
- Parameters
builder – An instance of RevokedCertificateBuilder.
- Returns
A new instance of
RevokedCertificate
.
-
-
class
cryptography.hazmat.backends.interfaces.
DHBackend
¶ New in version 0.9.
A backend with methods for doing Diffie-Hellman key exchange.
-
generate_dh_parameters
(generator, key_size)¶ - Parameters
- Returns
A new instance of
DHParameters
.- Raises
ValueError – If
key_size
is not at least 512.
-
generate_dh_private_key
(parameters)¶ - Parameters
parameters – An instance of
DHParameters
.- Returns
A new instance of
DHPrivateKey
.
-
generate_dh_private_key_and_parameters
(generator, key_size)¶ - Parameters
- Returns
A new instance of
DHPrivateKey
.- Raises
ValueError – If
key_size
is not at least 512.
-
load_dh_private_numbers
(numbers)¶ - Parameters
numbers – A
DHPrivateNumbers
instance.- Returns
A new instance of
DHPrivateKey
.- Raises
cryptography.exceptions.UnsupportedAlgorithm – This is raised when any backend specific criteria are not met.
-
load_dh_public_numbers
(numbers)¶ - Parameters
numbers – A
DHPublicNumbers
instance.- Returns
A new instance of
DHPublicKey
.- Raises
cryptography.exceptions.UnsupportedAlgorithm – This is raised when any backend specific criteria are not met.
-
load_dh_parameter_numbers
(numbers)¶ - Parameters
numbers – A
DHParameterNumbers
instance.- Returns
A new instance of
DHParameters
.- Raises
cryptography.exceptions.UnsupportedAlgorithm – This is raised when any backend specific criteria are not met.
-
dh_parameters_supported
(p, g, q=None)¶
New in version 1.8.
-
dh_x942_serialization_supported
()¶ - Returns
True if serialization of DH objects with subgroup order (q) is supported by this backend.
-
-
class
cryptography.hazmat.backends.interfaces.
ScryptBackend
¶ New in version 1.6.
A backend with methods for using Scrypt.
The following backends implement this interface:
-
derive_scrypt
(self, key_material, salt, length, n, r, p)¶ - Parameters
key_material (bytes) – The key material to use as a basis for the derived key. This is typically a password.
salt (bytes) – A salt.
length (int) – The desired length of the derived key.
n (int) – CPU/Memory cost parameter. It must be larger than 1 and be a power of 2.
r (int) – Block size parameter.
p (int) – Parallelization parameter.
- Return bytes
Derived key.
-